中国紫胶虫生活史及其胶表物候

中国紫胶虫（Ｋｅｒｒｉａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与其它胶蚧一样，均隐匿在其胶被内生长发育，外观难以看到各虫龄期的体形特征。用图表形式把各虫龄期及其相关的泌胶形态和冬夏两代各自所需无数标出，即可清楚看出该虫生活史、生活周期及各发育阶段期间的变化和关系。同时，列出各虫龄期特征检索表，便于在科研与生产中应用。     

甘肃竹林资源的历史变迁与发展建议

根据历史文献和实地考察资料，论述了甘肃省竹林资源的历史分布变迁和特点以及现在竹资源现状，对今后甘肃省的竹林发展提出了一些建设性建议。     

洛宁竹业的历史和现状

洛宁县是河南省有名的产竹县,素有“绿竹之乡”美称,竹制品被誉为“河南竹器”。据历史记载,洛宁竹子3000年前已有广泛分布,以淡竹为主。根据历年来的试验研究,总结了竹林浇水、施肥、培土、垫埂、抚育管理、病虫防治、合理采伐等一整套北方竹林丰产栽培技术。对当前竹林管理,加工利用中存在问题进行了讨论。     

二斑栗实象生活史观察及粉拟青霉菌防治试验

二斑栗实象在云南玉溪市红塔区、峨山县1a发生1代，以幼虫在土壤中越冬，10月中旬至11月下旬是防治地下幼虫的最佳时期。6月中旬成虫羽化高峰期是防治成虫的最佳时间。用粉拟青霉菌防治地下幼虫药效达86．9％，树冠成虫防治药效为64．3％。地下幼虫和树冠成虫防治的最佳剂量均为22．5kg／hm^2。喷施粉拟青霉菌最好选择雨后晴天无风的早晨和傍晚，防治地下幼虫喷药后应立即进行翻挖。     

温度、补充营养和体型大小对白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫寿命的影响

寄生蜂成虫能否找到并寄生足够的寄主,是实现其最大生殖力的重要限制性因素之一[1],该因素与寿命直接相关,故寿命在进化中受到较大的自然选择压力,从而成为寄生蜂重要的适应性特征之一[2];在害虫生物防治实践中,寿命是决定寄生蜂控制寄主害虫能力的重要参数,是常用的评价天敌     

关于忽必烈在宫廷建植草坪之事的考证

目前,广泛使用的硕士研究生、本科、高职高专草坪学教材及参考书,在回顾中国草坪利用史的时候,都会将元世祖忽必烈在宫廷内院建植草坪之事作为一个例证。然而经对原始文献的相关记载进行研究后,发现这种说法并不属实,实际情况是只种了一株沙蒿,最多也就是在台基上栽植了为数不多的牧草,并不能称其为草坪。元世祖在宫廷种植草坪、铺设草坪的说法,产生于对历史文献记载的误读或者揣测,在以后进行教材及参考书的修订和重编时,应予以纠正。     

People’s attitude and use of forestland: Co-evolution of forest administration in Bangladesh

This paper explores the influence over time of past policies on people’s attitudes towards the use of forestland in Bangladesh. The discourses of the attitudes of people were captured from the observed social tradition towards forest resources. Forests were reserved systematically and solely through the Forest Department. The conservation processes were not participatory, and rights and tenure were strictly controlled. People were socially excluded and alienated from the forest, and the socio-political factors stimulated negative attitudes among people. Forests were considered to be government property, and therefore managing forests was the responsibility of the government. People only used forest resources to meet their own requirements, either with formal permission or illegally. This situation continued even after the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. As a result, the forests of Bangladesh have been degraded heavily in recent decades.     

大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

Energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) balance of logging residues as alternative energy resources: system analysis based on the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis

Using the method of a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, the energy balance and the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of logging residues from Japanese conventional forestry as alternative energy resources were analyzed over the entire life cycle of the residues. The fuel consumption for forestry machines was measured in field experiments for harvesting and transporting logging residues at forestry operating sites in Japan. In addition, a total audit of energy consumption was undertaken. It involved an assessment of materials, construction, and the repair and maintenance of forestry machines as well as the costs associated with an energy-conversion plant. As a result, the ratio of energy output to input was calculated to be 5.69, indicating that the system examined in this study could be feasible as an energy production system. The CO₂ emission per MWh_e (e: electricity) of the biomass-fired power generation plant was calculated to be 61.8kgCO₂/MWh_e, while that of coal-fired power generation plants in Japan is 960kgCO₂/MWh_e. Therefore, the reduction in the amount of CO₂ emission that would result from replacing coal with biomass for power generation by as much as 3.0 million dry-t/year of logging residues in Japan was estimated to be 1.66 million tCO₂/year, corresponding to 0.142% of the national CO₂ emission. This study provides evidence that Japan could reduce its domestic CO₂ emission by using logging residues as alternative energy resources.     

Fossil history and modern distribution of the genus Abies (Pinaceae)

The plants of the genus Abies are dominant and key species in the dark coniferous forest in the Northern Hemisphere. There are 52 species, one subspecies and 12 varieties in the genus Abies in the world. The history and modern distribution of Abies were discussed. The genus has three modern distribution centers: South Europe, North America and East Asia. These areas are also rich in fossil records. The vertical distribution regions of Abies are from sea level to an elevation of 4,700 m, concentrated in 1,000–2,000 m (15 species). In China, the genus distributes in 20 provinces, especially abundant in the Hengduan Mountains. Meanwhile, endemic and relic phenomena are obvious in this genus. There are seven relic species with both limited individuals and limited distributed regions. Based on the fossil records and the latest phylogenetic data, the following hypothesis was proposed: Abies originated from the middle and high altitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Cretaceous and it was dispersed southward in the Eocene due to global climate cooling down. The distribution of Abies was deeply influenced by geological events such as the uplift of Himalaya, the Alps, the Rocky Mountains, the occurrence of the Asian Monsoon as well as the Quaternary glaciers. Finally, the current distribution pattern appeared in the Quaternary. The genus Abies has a fossil history and modern distribution pattern similar to that of Cathaya and Pseudolarix. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2006, 28(5): 439–452 [译自: 云南植物研究]